Relevance of DNA barcodes for biomonitoring of freshwater animals

The COI gene, colloquially named the DNA barcode, is a universal marker for species identification in animal kingdom. Nevertheless, due to taxonomic impediment, there are various proposals molecular operational units (MOTUs) because high-throughput sequencers can generate millions of sequences one run. In case freshwater systems, it possible analyze whole communities through their using only water or sediment as sample. Using barcodes with these technologies known metabarcoding. More than 90% studies based on eDNA work MOTUs without previous knowledge biodiversity habitat. Despite this problem, has been proposed future biomonitoring. All biased toward Global North and focused macrofaunae. Few include other regions world communities, such zooplankton phytoplankton. biomonitoring should be standardized example, , most studied gene animals, another secondary consensual gene. Here, we analyzed some 28S 12S. focus analyses community particular species. latter an endangered exotic Any study have well-documented baseline linked vouchered specimens. Otherwise, will tough discriminate between false positives negatives. Biomonitoring routines detect change any perturbation aquatic ecosystem. Also, track changes along history epicontinental environment sediments. However, implementation complex megadiverse Neotropical countries lack baselines. It demonstrated that rapid functional construction possible, although curation take more time. governmental interest kind research subsequent